2022 年全球氢能评论(英文 284 页)

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Global Hydrogen Review 2022

Table of Contents

Executive summary ..... 4

Introduction .... 11

Overview ...... 12

The Hydrogen Initiative .... 13

Hydrogen is making inroads and accelerating as a consequence of the energy crisis ..... 14

Hydrogen demand ..... 16

Overview and outlook ....... 17

Refining .... 20

Industry..... 28

Transport ...... 39

Buildings ....... 56

Electricity generation .... 63

Hydrogen production .... 69

Overview and outlook ....... 70

Electrolysis ....... 74

Hydrogen production with CCUS ..... 85

Comparison of hydrogen production routes ..... 91

Hydrogen-derived fuels .... 99

Hydrogen infrastructure...... 105

Hydrogen transport by pipeline ...... 108

Underground hydrogen storage ..... 123

Hydrogen transport by ships ...... 131

Repurposing LNG infrastructure .... 142

Hydrogen clusters ...... 151

Hydrogen trade.....160

Overview and outlook .....161

Developing international hydrogen markets .......172

Hydrogen policies ....180

Establish targets and/or long-term policy signals .......182

Support demand creation for low-emission hydrogen ....188

Mitigate investment risks ....192

Promote R&D, innovation, strategic demonstration projects and knowledgesharing....200

Regulatory frameworks, standards and certification systems ....207

Investment and innovation .....213

Investment ......214

Innovation .......225

Hydrogen in a changing energy landscape ......232

Opportunities for low-emission hydrogen to reduce fossil fuel use ....235

Opportunities and challenges to repurpose infrastructure for hydrogen use ....259

Annexes ....271

Explanatory notes .......272

Abbreviations and acronyms ......274

Units .......278

Acknowledgements ....280

目录

执行摘要..... 4

简介 .... 11

概述...... 12

氢倡议.... 13

由于能源危机，氢气正在取得进展并加速发展...... 14

氢需求..... 16

概述与展望....... 17

精炼 .... 20

工业..... 28

运输...... 39

建筑物........ 56

发电 .... 63

制氢 .... 69

概述与展望....... 70

电解....... 74

使用 CCUS 生产氢气 ..... 85

制氢路线比较...... 91

氢衍生燃料 .... 99

氢能基础设施...... 105

通过管道输送氢气...... 108

地下储氢...... 123

船舶运输氢气 ...... 131

重新利用 LNG 基础设施 .... 142

氢簇 ...... 151

氢贸易.....160

概述与展望.....161

发展国际氢市场........172

氢能政策 ....180

建立目标和/或长期政策信号.......182

支持创造低排放氢气的需求 ....188

降低投资风险 ....192

促进研发、创新、战略示范项目和知识共享......200

监管框架、标准和认证体系 ....207

投资与创新.....213

投资......214

创新.......225

不断变化的能源格局中的氢......232

使用低排放氢气减少化石燃料使用的机会 ....235

重新利用基础设施以供氢使用的机遇和挑战 ....259

附件 ....271

解释性说明.......272

缩略语和首字母缩略词 ......274

单位.......278

致谢 ....280